Yes, it's called conservation of energy and momentum, and, in fact, I did learn it in high school.
You're throwing out a lot of chaff here. Your are correct in saying that the earth's fundamental climatic drivers are cyclical pertebations in its axial tilt, precession, and orbital ellipse...before we got here, that is. You neglected to mention that these well known cycles predict that we should be heading back into an ice age. Clearly, we are going rapidly in the other direction, and that's solely because of human kind.
You also neglected to mention that the sun's warming is so slow that it will take anywhere from 250 million to 1 billion years to render the earth uninhabitable. This warming is many orders of magnitude smaller in scale than the current warming causes by atmospheric carbon.
You lump irrelevant factors (day length), and climatic drivers that are orders of magnitude apart in scale without presenting them as such. I'd stay away from scientific arguments in the future if I were you. It's just not your thing.