Phenol is not particularly toxic or carcinogenic in low concentrations. There are more environmentally friendly non-ionics however, such as the ethoxylated sorbitan monooleate, etc.
Detergents need not contain phosphates. They most commonly contain SDS or sodium dodecyl sulfate or possibly sodium lauryl sulfate, lso the sulfonate esters.
In addition to detergents, the techwash may also have perfluorooctanoate, which leaves a residue on the fabric which makes it water repellant when dry.