Al_Pine

Oooooh, another!!! (Probably the best one to bolster JayB's point.) Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jan;79(1):6-16. Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs. Drewnowski A, Specter S. Center for Public Health Nutrition, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (AD), and the US Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California, Davis (SES). Many health disparities in the United States are linked to inequalities in education and income. This review focuses on the relation between obesity and diet quality, dietary energy density, and energy costs. Evidence is provided to support the following points. First, the highest rates of obesity occur among population groups with the highest poverty rates and the least education. Second, there is an inverse relation between energy density (MJ/kg) and energy cost ($/MJ), such that energy-dense foods composed of refined grains, added sugars, or fats may represent the lowest-cost option to the consumer. Third, the high energy density and palatability of sweets and fats are associated with higher energy intakes, at least in clinical and laboratory studies. Fourth, poverty and food insecurity are associated with lower food expenditures, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and lower-quality diets. A reduction in diet costs in linear programming models leads to high-fat, energy-dense diets that are similar in composition to those consumed by low-income groups. Such diets are more affordable than are prudent diets based on lean meats, fish, fresh vegetables, and fruit. The association between poverty and obesity may be mediated, in part, by the low cost of energy-dense foods and may be reinforced by the high palatability of sugar and fat. This economic framework provides an explanation for the observed links between socioeconomic variables and obesity when taste, dietary energy density, and diet costs are used as intervening variables. More and more Americans are becoming overweight and obese while consuming more added sugars and fats and spending a lower percentage of their disposable income on food.

Here's another abstract (full article here ) The Relationship of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Overweight in U.S. Adolescents Penny Gordon-Larsen, Linda S. Adair and Barry M. Popkin American Journal of Public Health. 2003 Nov;93(11):1844-50. Objectives. We examined the public health impact of the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient on adolescents’ physical and mental health. Methods. Population attributable risk (PAR) for household income and parental education were calculated relative to depression and obesity among a nationally representative sample of 15 112 adolescents. Results. PARs for income and education were large. Across each gender and race/ethnicity group, the PAR for education tended to exceed that for income. For depression, the adjusted PAR for income was 26%, and the PAR for education was 40%; for obesity, the adjusted PAR for income was 32%, and the PAR for education was 39%. Conclusions. SES is associated with a large proportion of the disease burden within the total population.

From here The Relationship of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Overweight in U.S. Adolescents Penny Gordon-Larsen, Linda S. Adair and Barry M. Popkin Objective: To examine the extent to which race/ethnic differences in income and education account for sex-specific disparities in overweight prevalence in white, African American, Hispanic, and Asian U.S. teens. Research Methods and Procedures: We used nationally representative data collected from 13,113 U.S. adolescents enrolled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship of family income and parental education to overweight prevalence (body mass index 85th percentile of age and sex-specific cutoff points from the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics growth charts). In addition, we used coefficients from our logistic regression models to project the effects on overweight prevalence of equalizing the socioeconomic status (SES) differences between race/ethnic groups. Results: Keeping adolescents in their same environments and changing only family income and parental education had a limited effect on the disparities in overweight prevalence. Ethnicity-SES-overweight differences were greater among females than males. Given that overweight prevalence decreased with increasing SES among white females and remained elevated and even increased among higher SES African-American females, African-American/white disparity in overweight prevalence increased at the highest SES. Conversely, disparity was lessened at the highest SES for white, Hispanic, and Asian females. Among males, disparity was lowest at the average SES level. Discussion: One cannot automatically assume that the benefits of increased SES found among white adults will transfer to other gender-age-ethnic groups. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce overweight disparities between ethnic groups must look beyond income and education and focus on other factors, such as environmental, contextual, biological, and sociocultural factors.

Lots of great avatar portraits! gapertimmy catbirdseat muffy

It must be something like that. Amazing how the French totally capitulated when they found out James "The Prince of Darkness" Baker was on the way!

from this lefty intellectual's blog But in the coming year the Democratic candidates just have to take off these kid gloves. I'd begin by asking some hard questions about Republican administrations' past relationship with Saddam. Put that photo of Rumsfeld shaking Saddam's hand in 1983 in the commercials; ask hard questions about former Reaganites now serving in the Bush administration who supported Saddam to the hilt while he was gassing Iranian troops and Kurds; find out who authorized the US sale of chemical and biological precursors to Saddam; and be so rude as to bring up the horrible betrayal committed by Bush senior when he stood aside and let Saddam massacre all those Shiites in 1991, after they rose up in response to a Bush call for the popular overthrow of Saddam. The US military could have shot down those helicopter gunships that massacred Shiites in Najaf and Basra. Bush senior clearly told them to let Saddam enjoy his killing fields. And imagine, the Bush administration officials are actually getting photo ops at the mass graves their predecessors allowed to be filled with bodies! What happened Sunday was that the Republicans captured a former ally, with whom they had later fallen out.

Another way to think about it: The difference between work and school is at work you get paid. At school you have to pay.

Some jobs will give you homework, but most likely not the amount you get at school. However, I firmly believe that if you busted your butt 9-5 (or 8-6 or whatever) at school like most people do at their jobs, then you would have most of your homework done during that time. Undergraduate anyway.

I want to hear about the sock stuffed in Bush's drawers. with that

This thread is sooooo handy! I can plug in half of my new ignore settings just from the posters on this page!

Like a virgin...touched for the very first time

"What!? Have you been living in a hole in the ground?!" Al Pine, Is this what you had in mind? Ummmm, yeah.

Have you been living in hole in the groung or something? What rock have you been living under?

You mean like GOOGLE or something?

What the freak is a riceboy?

...

Why would you need cooking and cleaning when you're away?

I think it's actually chocolate-colored wax.

Looks like it's still there? You a little sensitive today Traskie? Funny picture by the way .

I think this is a misconception. It does matter.

You do not get picked on the way Marylou does. The shit Marylou complains about is NOT good natured.

It's not hypocrisy it's a different, aka "double", standard. It's sorta like the rule most guys go by that says they will not hit a woman. Is that hypocritical? No, it's just takes into consideration that women are different than men, and different rules apply.

Is that "rule" cramping your style? Seems like you should be able to function admirably with the slight handicap of having to avoid female-specific insults, or is that all you got? Or is this a martyr thing?

I think they just want a hummor.